Article-Inglés

Estructura general

1. Escribir un título relacionado con el tema del cual vas a escribir y que llame la atención del lector.
2. Dividir el articulo en párrafos.
3. Empiece con una introducción interesante, con ejemplos, preguntas, etc.
4. Termine con una conclusión general.

Vocabulario
Para atraer al lector: 
Have you ever ... ?
Do you find that ... ?
Are you one of those people who ...?

Para sugerencias:

Imagine ...
Let's suppose ...
Why not ... ?
Have you thought of ... ?
Try ...

Para dar ejemplos:

For example, for instance...

Para expresar opiniones:

As I see it, ...
To my mind, ...
I believe (that) ...
As far as I'm concerned, ...
In my view, ...

Ejemplo:

One of the nicest beaches in Spain: Playa Papagayo (1)

Do you want to know one of the best beaches in Spain? Come to Lanzarote. In the National Park of Los Ajaches you can find one of the finest beaches in Europe.You can easily access the beach either by car or catamaran. 

There are several reasons why this beach will surprise you once you get there. First of all, you'll be delighted by the spectacular views from the top of the dunes. Crystal clear lukewarm waters, where you can safely swim or dive and be surrounded by colourful fish. 

Then, the fine sand will cover you feet and you'll be able to lie and sunbathe very close to the sea with almost no waves. And, finally if you are hungry or thirsty you can climb up the dunes and sit on a terrace contemplating the impressive views while having a cool beer, a nice Margarita or a delicious hamburger.

What are you waiting for? Come to Papagayo beach, in my opinion one of the nicest beaches in Europe where you can enjoy the nice weather, the great views of the sea, and the lovely food and drinks.

Articulo extraido de http://elblogdelingles.blogspot.com.ar/2012/10/como-escribir-un-articulo-article-fce.html

Essay-Inglés

Hay distintos tipos de Essays:

• Opinion Essays
• For-and-Against Essays
• problem solution Essays

Como escribir un opnion Essay:
Primer párrafo:
Introducir el tema y dar la opinion. Decir si esta de acuerdo con el tema o no.

Segundo párrafo:
Dar una razón para apoyar su opinión.

Tercer párrafo:
Dar otra razón para apoyar su opinión.

Cuarto párrafo:
Resumir las ideas y hacer una conclusión general de lo que piensa.

Vocabulario útil para escribir un Essay:
Para expresar su opinión:
In my opinion, …. 

Personally, I think/ I believe (that)…

I strongly believe that…

To my mind….

In my view,…

I am sure/ convinced that …

I (completely) agree/disagree with …

Para dar razones:

One reason for… is ….

Due to…

Many people say/ believe that…

My main reason is….

Para agregar ideas:

Moreover/ furthermore/ in addition (to)Apart from (that)…Firstly,…First of all,…Secondly,..Lastly,…Finally,…

Para concluir el Essay:

TO SUM UP,…TO CONCLUDE,…N CONCLUSION,…ALL IN ALL,…

Example
It is indeed true that the amount of water available for use is declining at an alarming rate. It is a matter of concern for many nations. Reasons and possible solutions of this are discussed in upcoming paragraphs. 

The primary cause which we can take into account is advancement in technology which has altered the way people live. Nowadays, many electronic machines are being used by people at home which consume a lot of water and have made every work easy. Moreover, people also like to use these products being unaware of the several consequences of this. For example, most common product, which almost every family owns is washing machine. It requires a lot of water to wash clothes in washing machine but people find it convenient and use it ignoring its detrimental effects. 

Second reason, according to me , is ignorance. Most of us are unaware of the effect that quantity of water on this globe is fix. Once demolished, It will be impossible for us to get this precious element. If this happens, end result will be extinction of life from earth. 

Confronted with this serious problem, governments and concerned authorities are seeking feasible solutions. First of all, some endeavors must be done by government to make people aware about the importance of water. Stringent rules should be implemented by government for those who waste water. Tax can be imposed on people who use water in excess to discourage them to use water in excess. 

In a nutshell, this is a problem which needs earliest attention. Being an inevitable part of our life, water is necessary for the survival on our planet. So, to save life on earth for our future generation, it is essential for us to come forward and take some steps. 

Report-Inglés

Vocabulario para un report:
Introduction:

 The aim of this report is to.. 

 It is based on…
This report is intended to.. 

 It draws on
This report looks at / describes..

 It uses..

Reporting an observation: 

 It seems/appears that.. 

 It was found that..
The majority / minority of …

 It was felt that ..

Quoting: 

 According to …

 As X said…

 In the words of …

Speculating:

 It may / could / might (well) be that ..

Generalising:

 In general On the whole In the main

Commenting: 

 Interestingly Curiously Oddly Strangely   

Surprisingly

 Predictably
As might be (have been) expected 

 It is interesting that

Making a recommendation:

 It is recommended that ..
(Perhaps) it would be advisable for X to (do)
(Perhaps) X might /should consider

Summing up: 

 To sum up / To summarise 

On balance In short

Example:

Leisure Facilities in Grimthorpe


Introduction
The aim of this report is to describe and assess the leisure facilities available in Grimthorpe. It is based on information made available by the Grimthorpe Tourist Office, and on views expressed by local people who were interviewed.
Sport
Grimthorpe has a wide range of sports facilities, both public and private. There is a large modern leisure centre in the High Street and facilities include a swimming pool, a sports hall for judo, fencing and other activities, and tennis courts. The centre runs courses in all these sports and these tend to be very popular. Membership costs £150 a year, which was felt to be rather expensive, but a special temporary membership is available to visitors. The public swimming pool on the outskirts of the town is older, less attractive and often overcrowded, but entry is only £1.50.
Theatres
There are two theatres in town, the Kings Theatre in Bee Street, which offers mainly “serious” drama and has a good reputation for its productions of Shakespeare, and the Little Theatre in Sea Street which specialises in lighter entertainment and the occasional pop concert. In general, it seems that the Kings Theatre is more popular with the older members of the community while the Little appeals more to people in their teens and twenties.
Museums and Art Galleries
The City Museum has an extensive collection of maps, pottery and other articles connected with Grimthorpe’s history. The attendants are said to be very friendly and helpful, and there is also a small café with reasonably priced home-made snacks. Interestingly, few of the local people interviewed had ever been to the museum but it was recommended highly by several tourists.
Conclusion
Grimthorpe is well provided with leisure facilities for a town of its size and these are well used by the townspeople on the whole. Sport seems to be the most popular leisure activity, while cultural activities like visiting the museum or art gallery appeared to be the least popular among the Grimthorpians who were interviewed. Perhaps the City Council should consider launching a publicity campaign to show how much these facilities have to offer.
Ejemplo extraido de http://fce-writing-nadeen.blogspot.com.ar/2011/11/writing-report-3.html

Condicionales-Inglés

Condicionales del cero al tres

Condición	Resultado
0.If + Presente simple	Presente Simple
1.If + Presente simple	will/won´t
2.If + Pasado simple	would/wouldn´t + Presente simple
3.If + Pasado Perfecto	would/wouldn´t + have + Pasado Perfecto

Ejemplos condicional tipo cero: 
Si tiras un papel al piso, se cae. ---> If you through a paper, it falls.
Si llueve, el pasto se moja. ---> If it rains, the grass gets wet.

 Ejemplo condicional tipo uno:
 Si llueve, vos te vas a mojar. --->If it rains, you will get wet.
Si salí llega tarde, me voy a mojar--->If Sally is late again I will be mad.

 Ejemplo condicional tipo dos: 
Si lloviese te mojarías--->If it rained, you would get wet.
Si fueses a la cama más temprano, no estarías tan cansado--->If you went to bed earlier you wouldn't be so tired.

Ejemplo condicional tipo tres: 
Si hubiera llovido, te hubieras mojado--->If it had rained, you would have gotten wet.
Si hubieras trabajado más duro, hubieras pasado el examen--->If you had worked harder, you would have passed your exam.

Present perfect

FORM

[has/have + past participle]

Examples:

• You have seen that movie many times.
• Have you seen that movie many times?
• You have not seen that movie many times.

Complete List of Present Perfect Forms

USE 1 Unspecified Time Before Now

We use the Present Perfect to say that an action happened at an unspecified time before now. The exact time is not important. You CANNOT use the Present Perfect with specific time expressions such as: yesterday, one year ago, last week, when I was a child, when I lived in Japan, at that moment, that day, one day, etc. We CAN use the Present Perfect with unspecific expressions such as: ever, never, once, many times, several times, before, so far, already, yet, etc.

Examples:

• I have seen that movie twenty times.
• I think I have met him once before.
• There have been many earthquakes in California.
• People have traveled to the Moon.
• People have not traveled to Mars.
• Have you read the book yet?
• Nobody has ever climbed that mountain.
• A: Has there ever been a war in the United States?
  B: Yes, there has been a war in the United States.

How Do You Actually Use the Present Perfect?

The concept of "unspecified time" can be very confusing to English learners. It is best to associate Present Perfect with the following topics:

TOPIC 1 Experience

You can use the Present Perfect to describe your experience. It is like saying, "I have the experience of..." You can also use this tense to say that you have never had a certain experience. The Present Perfect is NOT used to describe a specific event.

Examples:

• I have been to France.
  This sentence means that you have had the experience of being in France. Maybe you have been there once, or several times.
• I have been to France three times.
  You can add the number of times at the end of the sentence.
• I have never been to France.
  This sentence means that you have not had the experience of going to France.
• I think I have seen that movie before.
• He has never traveled by train.
• Joan has studied two foreign languages.
• A: Have you ever met him?
  B: No, I have not met him.

TOPIC 2 Change Over Time

We often use the Present Perfect to talk about change that has happened over a period of time.

Examples:

• You have grown since the last time I saw you.
• The government has become more interested in arts education.
• Japanese has become one of the most popular courses at the university since the Asian studies program was established.
• My English has really improved since I moved to Australia.

TOPIC 3 Accomplishments

We often use the Present Perfect to list the accomplishments of individuals and humanity. You cannot mention a specific time.

Examples:

• Man has walked on the Moon.
• Our son has learned how to read.
• Doctors have cured many deadly diseases.
• Scientists have split the atom.

TOPIC 4 An Uncompleted Action You Are Expecting

We often use the Present Perfect to say that an action which we expected has not happened. Using the Present Perfect suggests that we are still waiting for the action to happen.

Examples:

• James has not finished his homework yet.
• Susan hasn't mastered Japanese, but she can communicate.
• Bill has still not arrived.
• The rain hasn't stopped.

TOPIC 5 Multiple Actions at Different Times

We also use the Present Perfect to talk about several different actions which have occurred in the past at different times. Present Perfect suggests the process is not complete and more actions are possible.

Examples:

• The army has attacked that city five times.
• I have had four quizzes and five tests so far this semester.
• We have had many major problems while working on this project.
• She has talked to several specialists about her problem, but nobody knows why she is sick.

Time Expressions with Present Perfect

When we use the Present Perfect it means that something has happened at some point in our lives before now. Remember, the exact time the action happened is not important.

Sometimes, we want to limit the time we are looking in for an experience. We can do this with expressions such as: in the last week, in the last year, this week, this month, so far, up to now, etc.

Examples:

• Have you been to Mexico in the last year?
• I have seen that movie six times in the last month.
• They have had three tests in the last week.
• She graduated from university less than three years ago. She has worked for three different companies so far.
• My car has broken down three times this week.

NOTICE

"Last year" and "in the last year" are very different in meaning. "Last year" means the year before now, and it is considered a specific time which requires Simple Past. "In the last year" means from 365 days ago until now. It is not considered a specific time, so it requires Present Perfect.

Examples:

• I went to Mexico last year.
  I went to Mexico in the calendar year before this one.
• I have been to Mexico in the last year.
  I have been to Mexico at least once at some point between 365 days ago and now.

USE 2 Duration From the Past Until Now (Non-Continuous Verbs)

With Non-Continuous Verbs and non-continuous uses of Mixed Verbs, we use the Present Perfect to show that something started in the past and has continued up until now. "For five minutes," "for two weeks," and "since Tuesday" are all durations which can be used with the Present Perfect.

Examples:

• I have had a cold for two weeks.
• She has been in England for six months.
• Mary has loved chocolate since she was a little girl.

Although the above use of Present Perfect is normally limited to Non-Continuous Verbs and non-continuous uses of Mixed Verbs, the words "live," "work," "teach," and "study" are sometimes used in this way even though they are NOT Non-Continuous Verbs.

ADVERB PLACEMENT

The examples below show the placement for grammar adverbs such as: always, only, never, ever, still, just, etc.

Examples:

• You have only seen that movie one time.
• Have you only seen that movie one time?

ACTIVE / PASSIVE

Examples:

• Many tourists have visited that castle. Active
• That castle has been visited by many tourists. Passive

More About Active / Passive Forms

EXERCISES AND RELATED TOPICS

• Verb Tense Exercise 5 Simple Past and Present Perfect
• Verb Tense Exercise 6 Simple Past and Present Perfect
• Verb Tense Exercise 7 Present Perfect and Present Perfect Continuous
• Verb Tense Exercise 8 Present Perfect and Present Perfect Continuous
• Verb Tense Exercise 12 Simple Past, Present Perfect, and Past Perfect
• Verb Tense Exercise 14 Present Perfect, Past Perfect, Present Perfect Continuous, and Past Perfect Continuous
• Verb Tense Exercise 16 Present and Past Tenses with Non-Continuous Verbs
• Verb Tense Exercise 17 Present and Past Tense Review
• Verb Tense Practice Test Cumulative Verb Tense Review
• Verb Tense Final Test Cumulative Verb Tense Review

Past Participle

¿Qué es el "participio pasado" o "past participle" de un verbo?
Podemos decir que el "participio pasado" es una "forma del verbo" que va acompañada de otro verbo (un verbo auxiliar) para formar un "tiempo verbal compuesto". 



(Encuentro que le definición gramatical de "participio" es demasiado compleja. Pero, si quieres profundizar sobre el tema, mira la definición de "participio" en wikipedia pinchando aquí.) 



En español el participio se forma con las terminaciones "ado/ada" o "ido/ida". También existen formas irregulares como "visto" o "hecho". 



Algunos ejemplos: 

Yo he caminado ("caminado" es el participio del verbo "caminar")

Yo he dormido bien ("dormido" es el participio del verbo "dormir")

La casa fue construida en 1990("construida" es el participio del verbo "construir")

Yo he visto la película ("visto" es el participio del verbo "ver". En este caso fíjate que en español es irregular porque no termina en "ado" ni en "ido")

Si te fijas bien, en estos ejemplos aparece un verbo auxiliar. En español esos verbos auxiliares son "ser/estar" o "haber".



En inglés esos verbos auxiliares son el verbo "to be" (ser/estar) y el verbo "have" (haber).



En inglés el "past participle" es:



1) Para los verbos irregulares, la tercera columna de la lista. 



2) Para los verbos regulares son las terminaciones en "ed". 



Veamos ahora ejemplos en inglés:

I have (I've) walked [aivguokt] ("walked" es el participio del verbo "walk")

I have (I've) slept well [aivslept güel] ("slept" es el participio del verbo "sleep")

The house was built in 1990 [dehaus guasbiltIn naintiinnaiti]("built" es el participio del verbo "build")

I have (I've) seen the film [aivsiindefIlm]("seen" es el participio del verbo "see")

- See more at: http://elblogdelingles.blogspot.com.ar/2005/12/past-participle-el-participio-pasado.html#sthash.vsFIxxQV.dpuf

Simple Past

Un vídeo simple sobre el simplepast. Un método fácil de aprender ingles.

Put the verbs into the simple past:

1. Last year I (go)  to England on holiday.
2. It (be)  fantastic.
3. I (visit)  lots of interesting places. I (be)  with two friends of mine .
4. In the mornings we (walk)  in the streets of London.
5. In the evenings we (go)  to pubs.
6. The weather (be)  strangely fine.
7. It (not / rain)  a lot.
8. But we (see)  some beautiful rainbows.
9. Where (spend / you)  your last holiday?

Write the past forms of the irregular verbs.

Infinitive		Simple Past
1.	meet	.
2.	drive	.
3.	speak	.
4.	put	.
5.	write	.
6.	sing	.
7.	do	.
8.	sit	.
9.	stand	.
10.	run	.

Complete the table in simple past.

Affirmative	Negative	Interrogative
He wrote a book.
	He did not sing
		Was she pretty?

Put the sentences into simple past.

1. We move to a new house. → 
2. They bring a sandwich. → 
3. He doesn't do the homework. → 
4. They sell cars. → 
5. Does he visit his friends? → 

Write sentences in simple past.

1. Janet / miss / the bus → 
2. she / tidy / her room → 
3. Nancy / watch / not / television→ 
4. she / read / a book → 

Choose "Was“ or "Were“:

1. The teacher                         was            were           nice.
2. The students                               was               were              very clever.
3. But one student                         was            were           in trouble.
4. We                               was               were              sorry for him.
5. He                         was            were           nice though.